Relative Pronouns

Relative pronouns adalah kata ganti yang menunjuk pada kata benda yang mendahuluinya (antecedent) yang berfungsi sebagai penghubung dalam kalimat. Relative pronouns biasa diletakkan di awal subordinate clause atau anak kalimat yang menunjukkan relasi terhadap keseluruhan kalimat.
Kata ganti yang digunakan adalah: who, whom, whose, which, dan that.

Contoh:
- The man who is sitting in the corner is my friend.
- The boy whom we visited is her boyfriend.
- The girl whose car was sold will go to study abroad.
- The filing cabinet, which we purchase last week, is very well built.
- The book that describes about behaviour of animal is expensive.

Kata who, whom, whose, which, dan that pada contoh di atas mengacu pada kata sebelumnya (the man, the boy, the girl, the filling cabinet, the book). Perluasan relative pronouns dengan kata ganti seperti whoever, whomever, whatever dikenal sebagai indefinite relative pronouns.

Contoh:
- The boy will tease whomever he likes.
- She said whatever came to mind.
- Let in whoever comes to me.

Kata what juga dapat digunakan sebagai indefinite relative pronouns,
contoh:  I will tell you what you need to know.

Exercise 37-38 (hal 138-139)

Exercise 37: Relaive Clauses

1. Whose
2. Whose
3. Which you spoke yesterday
4. Who the highest in the school
5. What
6. Who
7. Whose
8. Whose
9. What
10. What
11. Whose
12. What
13. Whose
14. That
15. Whose

Exercise 38: Relative Clauses Reduction 

1. Chosen
2. Accepted
3. On the table
4. Brought
5. Drinking
6. A professor
7. Talking
8. On the top
9. Counted
10. A doctor

Causative Let

Causative verb menunjukkan bahwa seseorang/sesuatu secara tidak langsung bertanggung jawab terhadap sebuah tindakan. Subjek tidak melakukan tindakan itu sendiri, tetapi justru menyebabkan seseorang/sesuatu yang lain melakukannya. Contoh: Yesterday I had my hair cut. Pembicara pada kalimat diatas tidak memotong sendiri rambutnya, tetapi justru membuat orang lain melakukannya - Saya “menyebabkan” mereka memotong rambut saya. Let digunakan untuk membolehkan seseorang melakukan sesuatu. Bentuknya adalah let + orang + verb. Contoh: - John let me drive his new car. - Will your parents let you go to the party? - I don’t know if my boss will let me take the day off. sumber : http://www.englishpage.com/minitutorials/let.html www.gunadarma.ac.id

Exercise 36: Causative Verbs

1. To leave 2. Repaired 3. Typeed 4. To call 5. Painted 6. Write 7. Lie 8. Sent 9. Cut 10. Signed 11. Leave 12. Washed 13. To fix 14. Published 15. To find www.gunadarma.ac.id

Purpose and Result (so that)

Clause of Purpose and Result

Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti (in order) that, so that, in the hope that, to the end that, lest, in case, dll.

formula:
subject + verb + so that + subject + verb

example:

* They went to the movie early (in order) to find the best seats.
* She bought a book so (that) she could learn English
* He is saving his money so that he may take a long vacation.
* I am working night and day in the hope that I can finish this book soon.

www.gunadarma.ac.id

Exercise 32 s/d 34

Exercise 32(page 121):Enough

1.People enough
2.French enough
3.Enough time
4.Fast enough
5.Soon enough
6.Enough early
7.Hard enough
8.Slowly enough
9.Enough flour
10.Books enough


Exercise 33(page 121):Because/Because Of

1.Because of
2.Because of
3.Because of
4.Because
5.Because
6.Because
7.Because of
8.Because of
9.Because of
10.Because of


Exercise 34(page 124):So/Such

1.So
2.Such
3.Such
4.So
5.So
6.So
7.Such
8.So
9.So
10.Such
11.So
12.So
13.Such
14.So
15.So

www.gunadarma.ac.id

Exercise 26-31

Exercise 26: adjective and adverbs

1 Well
2 Intensely
3 Brightly
4 Fluently
5 Fluently
6 Smooth
7 Aaccurate
8 Bitter
9 Soon
10 Fast

Exercise 27: linking (copulative) verbs

1 Terribled
2 Well
3 Good
4 Calm
5 Sick
6 Quickly
7 Diligently
8 Vehemently
9 Relaxed
10 Noisy

Exercise 28: comparissons

1.As

2.More

3.As

4.More

5.As

6.More

7.More

8.Happier

9.Worse

10. Faster

Exercise 29: comparisons

1 Than
2 Than
3 From
4 Than
5 As
6 Than
7 As
8 Than
9 Than
10 From

Exercise 30:comparisons

1 Best 11. The better
2 Happiest 12. from
3 Faster 13. Less impressive
4 Creamiest 14. Sicker
5 More colorful 15. Than
6 Better 16. Twice more than
7 Good 17. little
8 Awkwarder 18. Much
9 Least 19. Farthest
10 Prettiest 20. More famous



Exercise 31: nouns functioning as adjectives

1 Twelve – story
2 Language
3 Three – act
4 Two – day
5 79 – piece
6 Five – shelves
7 16 – ounce
8 Six – quart
9 Made of brick
10 Ten – speed

Execise 30 : Comparisons ( page 117 )

1. Best
2. Happiest
3. Faster
4. Creamist
5. More Colorful
6. Better
7. Good
8. More awkwardly
9. Least
10. Prettiest

Exercise 29 : Comparisons ( page 114 )

1. Than
2. As
3. From
4. Than
5. Than
6. Than
7. As
8. Than
9. As
10. From

Exercise 28 : Comparisons ( page 114 )

1. As soon as
2. More important
3. As well as
4. The most expensive
5. As hot as
6. More talented
7. More colorful
8. Happier
9. Worse
10. Faster

Exercise 27 : Linking ( Copulative ) Verb ( page 109 )

1. Terrible
2. Well
3. Good
4. Calmly
5. Sick
6. Quickly
7. Diligently
8. Vehemently
9. Relaxed
10. Noisy

Exercise 26, Adjectives and adverbs (page 107)

1. Well

2. Intense

3. Brightly

4. Fluent

5. Fluently

6. Smooth

7. Accurately

8. Bitter

9. Soon

10. Fast

adjective and adverbs

Adjective (kata sifat) memberikan informasi tentang kata benda. Contoh:

She’s an excellent dancer.
I’ve got a new apartment.

Adverb (kata keterangan) merubah kata kerja, yakni kata keterangan menjelaskan bagaimana sesuatu dilakukan. Contoh:

- She learns quickly.
- You can speak English well.

Adjective (kata sifat)

Adjective bisa ditempatkan sebelum kata benda. Contoh:

This is a beautiful bird.
“This is a bird beautiful.” tidak benar.

Kata sifat memberikan informasi seperti ukuran (kecil, besar), bentuk (bulat, persegi), warna (kuning, hijau), kebangsaan (Cina, Polandia), dan opini (baik, buruk).

Adjective tidak mengalami perubahan yang tergantung pada jumlah (tunggal atau jamak). Contoh:

She has a cute puppy.
She has three cute puppies.

Perhatikan bahwa adjective (cute) tidak mengalami perubahan baik dalam bentuk tunggal (puppy) maupun jamak (puppies).

Adjective juga bisa ditempatkan setelah kata kerja tertentu seperti be, feel, look, dan taste. Contoh:

I’m really happy today.
She’s got a new job so she feels great.
You look wonderful!
This chicken tastes delicious.

Adverb (kata keterangan)

Adverb sering dibentuk dengan menambahkan -ly di belakang adjective. Contoh:

quick (adjective) - He’s quick at learning new things.
quickly (adverb) - He learns quickly.
bad (adjective) - He didn’t get a bad test score.
badly (adverb) - He didn’t do badly in his test.

Untuk adverb yang terbentuk dari adjective yang berakhiran dengan huruf “-y” ganti “-y” dengan “-i” dan tambahkan “-ly“. Contoh:

easy (adjective) - He thinks math is easy.
easily (adverb) - He can do math easily.
happy (adjective) - He’s a happy man.
happily (adverb) - He works happily every day.

Untuk adverb yang terbentuk dari adjective yang berakhiran dengan huruf “-le” ganti “-le” dengan “-ly“. Contoh:

simple (adjective) - The teacher makes difficult things simple.
simply (adverb) - He teaches simply and clearly.

Beberapa adverb sama dengan adjective. Contoh:

He runs fast (adverb) - He’s a fast runner. (adjective)
He studies hard. (adverb) - It’s a hard life. (adjective)

Adverb untuk “good” adalah “well“. Contoh:

She’s a good pianist.
She plays the piano well.

Adverb juga bisa mengubah adjective dan adverb-adverb lainnya. Contoh:

That’s a good book.
That’s a very good book.
She’s a talented girl.
She’s an incredibly talented girl.
You’re right!
You’re absolutely right!

Rujukan:
http://www.1-language.com/englishcoursenew/unit32_grammar.htm